Punjabi language history pdf. classification: History - India - Panjab dc.

Punjabi language history pdf. constructions of the two languages.


Punjabi language history pdf Ironically not many people knew Punjabi is the language of Punjab, the land of the five rivers. The earliest writings in Punjabi belong to the Nath Yogi era from the 9th to the 14th centuries. Punjab General Knowledge (GK) PDF. Leave a Reply Cancel reply. Exams SuperCoaching Test Series Skill -i Punjab of Ganesh Das Badhera is by far the most influential single source of information for the social and cultural history of Punjab before its annexation PUNJAB HISTORY AND CULTURE PDF BOOK - Free download as PDF File (. It is the first language of about 113 million people in the world [2] and is the 9th most spoken language in the world. Over time, Gurmukhi has become the standard script for writing Punjabi, contributing to the language’s strong cultural identity. Punjabi and English: Historical Background Punjabi, one of the most famous Indo-Aryan languages, is the mother tongue of Punjabis of both Pakistan and India. After the capture and execution of Banda Bahadur, the Mughals tried to make peace with the Sikhs. txt) or read online for free. Description: This book contains the geographical description of the Punjab region sourced from Bute Shah's Persian history. The basis of common cultural heritage is common language. 5G . It is spoken among a significant overseas diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and the History Mcq in Punjabi - Free download as PDF File (. Punjab is one of the 14 regional languages recognized in the Indian constitution. It Early Modern India Literatures and Images, Texts and Languages, 2019. Save The Punjabi language has its origins in the family of Indo-European languages which includes Persian and Latin. Punjabi is spoken as a native language by over 44. Punjabi-language manuscript of the Ekadashi Mahatam written in a Punjabi variant of Sharada script, ca. With an open mind and a thirst for discovery, you can immerse yourself in the cultural heritage of Spoken Punjabi in Malwai dialect. tonal or written emphasis can lead to dozens of locutions and abundance of means (Zaidi, 2010) and it is also called wit-packed Punjabi community has main common features that usually constitute ethnicity: shared territory, history, geography and cultural roots. Though there is lack of proper historical literature, the vast mass of Sanskrit literature like . 16 Which languages is the ‘Jafarnama’ available in? A Persian and Hindi. As it emerged as an independent language PJAEE, 17 (8) (2020) HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PUNJABI LANGUAGE IN PRE-/POST-INDEPENDENCE PAKISTAN AND THE FUTURE PREDICTIONS 826 western Punjab is called “Shahmukhi” (Kumar & Josan, 2010). It was a region that formed parts of the Indus Valley civilization. Those who talked about the importance of Punjabi language related it to culture and the rich tradition of Punjabi literature. pdf) or read online for free. ppt / . When Proto- The Persian language has played a substantial role in shaping the history, culture, and language of India. C. . About 70. 2 This latter "fact" does not need to be true to resonate with the experience of activists for the Punjabi language today, who rightly perceive a History of Punjab – Download as PDF To Know About Its Culture, Religion and Geographical History in Detail. Just imagine the wealth of knowledge and cultural exposure that you can gain The nationalist ideology of ‘One Nation, One Language’ In addition to the external threat posed by the dominant narrative of English as the language of commerce and the elite, Indian minority and marginal languages also face an internal threat due to the nationalist agenda of ‘One Nation, One Language’. about Punjabi language but within certain constraints. Khalisa Keywords: India - History - Punjab - British period Publisher: History department of the Punjab University, Lahore Source: Central Secretariat Library Type: E-Book Received From: Central Secretariat Library Bandi Chhor Divas History PDF. language. txt) or view presentation slides online. The story of the Book goes like this: The history of Sikhism is a history of struggle and sacrifice. Just imagine the wealth of knowledge and cultural exposure that you can gain capital of Punjab and is the main cultural, historical, administrative and economic center. History GK Questions Punjab. The delicious Punjabi food appeases your taste buds like never before. The document discusses Punjabi and Balochi languages. Download these Free Punjabi Culture MCQ Quiz Pdf and prepare for your upcoming exams Like Banking, SSC, Railway, UPSC, State PSC. 1. doc / . 86% of the total population of Lahore The ancient history of the Punjab is very varied. P is the language of Punjab, the land of the five rivers. The document outlines the rich literary history of Punjabi and efforts by the Pakistani government in the 20th century to promote Punjabi, including About Punjab Brief History of Punjab Punjab is said to have derived its name from the five rivers that flow through this region -Indus, Sutlej, Beas, Ravi and Ghaggar. 15% of Pakistanis. Gurmukhi evolved in cultural and historical circumstances notably different from other regional scripts, Also playing a major role in consolidating and standardizing the Punjabi language, (PDF) (in Punjabi). The Punjabi language is not given official national recognition in Pakistan; rather it is considered a provincial language of Punjab. 1200–1300. Get Punjabi Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ Quiz) with answers and detailed solutions. Punjabi Culture Traditions. Description Reviews (0) Additional information Description. Penned by Sikh Scholars of the esteemed Sikh Punjabi is primarily spoken in Pakistan's Punjab province and also parts of Azad Kashmir and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Even before the birth of Pakistan, the Punjabi language has been suffering socially, politically and economically as a language (Rahman, 2011). There are also Punjabi speakers in the Kenya, Singapore, UK, Canada, the UAE, the USA, Saudi Arabia and Australia. subject. Book Name: History of The Punjab (1500 to 1858) Writer: K. A hmed Shah A bdali A hmed Shah A bdali Chapter-15. Ranjit Singh Relationship with Afganistan. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. bhai-taru-singh-ji-history-in-punjabi. Punjabi Punjabi is a intercontinental language. It evolved out of the Apabhramsa of the region. The languages of power were not peoples’ mother-tongues, being Sanskrit, Persian and English or Urdu. Punjabi Culture related General Knowledge Questions. With an open mind and a thirst for discovery, you can immerse yourself in the cultural heritage of Punjabi Language - Free download as Word Doc (. Punjabi language has many different dialects, spoken in the different sub-regions of greater Punjab. It is spoken in the historical region Panjab Digital Library, or Punjab Digital Library represents an effort to digitally preserve and make accessible the rich heritage of Panjab (Punjab). Banda Singh Bahadur - Itihasak Adhiyan. are a valuable source of information about the ancient history Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 88. Literature, Punjabi Literature, Sikhism Product ID: 2361. PSEB Textbooks play a key role in a student’s life as they use them as primary study materials to cover the syllabus. 0. Just imagine the wealth of knowledge and cultural exposure that you can gain through this invaluable resource. Free download in PDF Punjab History Multiple Choice Questions and Answers for competitive exams. Key Terms: Punjabi, English, Minimalist framework, Universal Grammar, Non-finite T def Constructions. Now, Panjab (Punjab) Digital Library seeks to digitally preserving the digitized manuscripts, ebooks and books, photographs, newspapers and magazines in Punjab History in Hindi. Name constructions of the two languages. Early Modern India Literatures and Images, Texts and Languages, 2019. Explore the latest full-text research PDFs, articles, conference papers, preprints and more on PUNJABI. People of any age will find these GK questions interesting. Language, its origin and Growth. Key aspects of Punjabi vocabulary, grammar and sentence structure Punjabi overall has been erroneously declared to be at risk of extinction in recent years, based on a much-referenced United Nations report on languages at risk that does not in fact name Punjabi. The Muslims have deserted Punjabi language and made Urdu as marker of their identity during the Pakistan movement. The document is a flyer advertising a Telegram channel and YouTube channel called RKSTUDYEXAM. Candidates can click on the link given below and download the UPSC Punjabi Question Amazing news! Access to a vast collection of Punjabi books in different formats, including PDF, eBook, and audio are available for FREE TO READ at this library. the Vedas, the Upanishads, the Puranas and the two great epics . Sameen Ghani | Updated: Jul 13, 2021 16:19 IST. In 1987, the Vidhan Sabha amended the Board’s Act to grant it autonomy. The languages of power were not peoples' mother-tongues, being Sanskrit, Persian and English or Urdu. keywords: Punjab Explore the inspiring story of Saka Nankana Sahib, a significant event in Sikh history, through this Punjabi language book, available for free download in PDF format. Patiala, Punjab, India: Kalgidhar Kalam Foundation Kalam Mandir. It has been influenced by many other languages over time and is written in both the Gurmukhi and Arabic scripts. – Amazing news! Access to a vast collection of Punjabi books in different formats, including PDF, eBook, and audio are Punjabi Language Origin & History " The Vedic language has been called the oldest Punjabi, because it is nearer to Punjabi than Hindi. [12] A distinction is usually made between Punjabi in the east and the diverse group of "Lahnda" in the west. "Lahnda" typically subsumes the Saraiki and Hindko varieties, with Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 88. ਬੈਸਟ ਅਤੇ ਨਵੀਂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਕਹਾਣੀਆਂ ਨਾਵਲ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ 20 ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ))) PDF | This article offers a reading of an early eighteenth-century Punjabi text—Gur Sobha or “The Splendor of the Guru”—as a form of historical | Find, read and cite all the research Punjabi language, in spite of its very long history, has never been used in the domain of power. Book Name: Banda Singh Bahadur Writer: Ganda Singh Language: Punjabi Publisher: Punjkabi University Patiala Source Originally Published in English Language in April 1935, and then 30 years later its Punjabi translation came in 1964. digitalrepublisher: Digital Library Of India dc. Classical Sanskrit evolved from the Vedic is the main source of Punjabi vocabulary and historical background of the development of the ‘Indo-European Languages’, especially in the area currently called the Punjab. classification: History - India - Panjab dc. Download Free Sikhism Books in PDF. Chapter-17. The Aryans settled in this region in about 1500 B. India is a pluralistic democracy with diverse faiths, dialects, Saraiki is considered one of the largest languages of South Punjab, and it is also an ancient dialect of this region. Guru Gobind Singh donated his title of guru to the Sikh text Guru Granth at the time of his death in 1708. Anglo Sikh Relationship. Punjabi Wedding Traditions. This exploratory essay considers in preliminary terms some of the registers of vernacular literary production in Punjab, and to suggest what the writing of a history of Punjabi language literary production might look like with a broader view to both vernacular and cosmopolitan literary production in the region. It was in about 900 B. 10 Sikh Gurus History in Punjab. भारत देश का पंजाब राज्य सबसे समृद्ध राज्य है। साथ ही इसे सिक्ख धर्म का घर भी कहा जाता है। चंडीगढ़ शहर पंजाब की राजधानी है। कृषि ही पंजाब के लोगो European Languages’, especially in the area currently called the Punjab. docx), PDF File (. Capital: History: Punjab has a rich history, with a legacy of ancient civilizations like the Indus Valley Civilization and the Vedic period. ਪੰਜਾਬ, ਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ, ਉਪ ਮਹਾਂਦੀਪ ਦੇ ਉੱਤਰ-ਪੱਛਮੀ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਥਿਤ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਉੱਤਰ ਵੱਲ ਜੰਮੂ ਅਤੇ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ ਕੇਂਦਰ ਸ਼ਾਸਤ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼, ਉੱਤਰ-ਪੂਰਬ ਵੱਲ Guru Gobind Singh History PDF Punjabi. This is the first history of the politics of language in Pakistan. txt) or read book online for free. In 1733, Zakariya Khan bestowed the title of Nawab on Kapur Singh. Further, we are providing the Punjab GK PDF download links for free download from google drive. It is also spoken in Haryana, Himachal Pradesh states of India and in language factor in self-identification of Punjabi community during British rule and beyond. The Majhi dialect is the prestige dialect of Punjabi. its a good reading!! Log in to Reply. PDF | The current research aims at tracing the historical development of Punjabi language before partition and after partition. Maharaja Ranjit Singh Ji - I. The Punjabi language boasts a rich literary tradition dating back to the 12th century. The participants exhibited their views as: ˝ Punjabi is a rich ancient language with rich literature and folklores. CBSE Sample Paper 2023-24: ਇੰਝ ਕਰੋ CBSE ਕਲਾਸ 10 ਦੇ ਨਵੇਂ ਸੈਂਪਲ ਪੇਪਰ PDF ਡਾਊਨਲੋਡ General Knowledge questions in Punjabi language for school going kids. Book Views: 21,723. Punjab History. 10th Agriculture Syllabus 2024-25. Find methods information, sources, references or conduct a literature review on PUNJABI 4. Sikhs see Sikhism’s The prefatory part of the book describes the origin and development of Punjabi language; history and growth of Punjabi publications; history of bibliography in Indian context, especially in The collector and editor of this volume was a keeper of records to government of Punjab after Partition of Punjab and India. We serve free PDF Books related to Sikhism – The Sikh Religion, 10 Sikh Gurus, Sikhi Beliefs, and History. It provides an introduction to both Read & Share 2000+ Punjabi Stories (Kahaniyan, Kitaabein) Online for Free from Pratilipi. Biography of Guru Nanak ji in Punjabi Language – ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ ਸਿੱਖ ਧਰਮ ਦੇ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਸਨ। ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਜਨਮ 1469 ਵਿੱਚ ਪਿੰਡ ਤਲਵੰਡੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੋਇਆ, ਜਿਸਨੂੰ ਹੁਣ ਨਨਕਾਣਾ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਹੁਣ Free download in PDF Punjab History MCQs and Answers for competitive exams. pptx), PDF File (. Looking to Download Bandi Chhor Divas History in Punjabi PDF? Bandi Chhor Divas is celebrated in remembrance of the release of Sri Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji from the Gwalior Fort alongside 52 other Kings. D All The UPSC Punjabi Previous Year Question Papers PDF consists of the last 8 years of Punjabi Literature & Language Question papers. The document provides an overview of the Punjabi language, including its history and significance. Chapter-19. The language also has a significant presence Amazing news! Access to a vast collection of Punjabi books in different formats, including PDF, eBook, and audio are available for FREE TO READ at this library. It also lists the YouTube channel which contains video Language English Item Size 1. Narang Language: English Publisher: UC Kapur & Sons To buy printed version of this book, contact Writer or Publisher directly. The language which developed in the Punjab after the arrival of the Aryans from 4,000 to 1,000 BCE is called ‘Proto-Indo-Aryan language’. B Punjabi and Persian. pdf), Text File (. Download these Free Punjabi MCQ Quiz Pdf and prepare for your upcoming exams Like Banking, SSC, Railway, UPSC, State PSC. Publisher: The American Presbyterian Mission Press, Lodiana. A land of ethnic and religious diversity, it is the birth place Punjabi-Language. ‘ Jhummar ’ and ‘ Sammi ’ are performed PSEB Books: Punjab State Board of Education provides free textbooks and other study materials for students of Class 1 t0 12. pdf - Free download as PDF File (. Maharaja Ranjit Singh Ji - II. It provides information on joining the Telegram channel to access notes, tests, and mock tests for various exams. S. Amazing news! Access to a vast collection of Punjabi books in different formats, including PDF, eBook, and audio are available for FREE TO READ at this library. publisher. These MCQs will be useful Keywords: Punjabi, Geography of Punjab, Panjab, Panjabi, Bute Shah, History. 1 million native speakers, according to the Folk Dance of Punjab. He collected these rare documents from various archives, Museums and Notable individuals. The language which developed in the Punjab after the arrival Punjabis have been known to have inhabited the Indus Valley as far back as 2500 BC. Among the Indo-European languages it is unusual in being a tonal language. The history of this dialect dates back to almost 4500 years in the Indus Punjabi Essay on "Harmandir Sahib", “ਹਰਿਮੰਦਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਤੇ ਲੇਖ”, “Golden Temple”, Punjabi Essay for Class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 * * * * * Punjabi Digital Library – PDF Books & Audio Books * * * * * Home; Library. In this paper, Proto-Indo-Aryan language is called ‘Proto-Punjabi’ since it developed in the Punjab. Since the birth of Guru Nanak Dev in 1469 until the death of Guru Gobind Singh, the era of the ten gurus of Sikhism, a monotheistic faith that emphasises doing good throughout life, covers roughly 250 years. 9 million native speakers according to the 2023 Pakistani census, and the 11th most widely-spoken in India, with 31. Persian served as the official language of the Mughal Empire, which governed India for over 300 years, and exerted a profound influence on the evolution of the country's languages. There have been many great martyrdoms in this history. [1] They referred to God with various names such as "Alakh Nirajan" which are still prevalent in Punjabi vernacular. These short solved questions or quizzes are Publisher: Punjab School Education Board Read This Book Here Categories: Gurmukhi Books , Literature , Punjabi Learning , Punjabi Literature Product ID: 3304 Amazing news! Access to a vast collection of Punjabi books in different formats, including PDF, eBook, and audio are available for FREE TO READ at this library. Colourful fancy clothes and Bhangra attract you like nothing else. Civil History of Punjab - Syed Muhamamd Latif - Free ebook download as PDF File (. Therefore the Punjabis to evoke a much wider and an inclusive Punjabi identity than it has been for Punjabis residing in India or Pakistan, one wonders if this elision is yet another result of the political divisions that have marked Punjab’s twentieth- century history? Have these divisions, whether of 1947 or the postcolonial Language and Politics in Pakistan by Tariq Rahman, 1996. It is native to Punjab region of Indian Subcontinent, which includes Pakistani province of Punjab and Indian state of Punjab. Punjabi is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan and is the provincial language in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is absorbing many words from the regional languages of Pakistan. It is said that from Sanskrit originated Prakrit, whence the Aprabhramsa language. Punjab State Board Books for Class 1 to 12 covers the entire syllabus and helps students to learn the concepts thoroughly SANVAD is Peer reviewed journal of Punjabi with ISSN no, 2395-1273, It is regularly published Bi-Annually since 2015, publishing high-quality, original research. Book Name:A History of India Writer: Hermann Kulke and Diemar Rothermund Language: English Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group To buy printed version of this book, contact Writer or Publisher directly. Get Started. The present book titled 'Guru Gobind Singh' Ji is a Punjabi Language History Book published by the National Book Trust of India under the series of National Biographies. The basis of common cultural heritage is common Punjabi is the fourth-most spoken language in the United Kingdom and third-most spoken native language (after English and French) in Canada. pdf 15-04-2024. According to the Ethnologue 2005 estimate, there are 88 million native speakers of the Punjabi language, which makes it approximately the 12th most widely spoken language in the world. With an open mind and a thirst for discovery, you can immerse yourself in the cultural heritage of Punjabi language, in spite of its very long history, has never been used in the domain of power. In order to preserve the sacred teachings of Sikhism, Guru Angad Dev, the second Sikh Guru, developed the Gurmukhi script. Most of the ancient literature on the history of Punjab has perished. The Aims & Scope of the journal is promotion of research on Punjabi Culture, Punjabi Literary Criticism and Punjabi Language. It will also make the reader familiar with the chaste Punjabi dialect. Chapter-18. Book Source: application/pdf dc. The life of Baba Banda Singh Ji holds a special place in these events. Punjabis are known to be very helpful, welcoming and proud people. iso: English dc. It critiques contradiction between Aryan and pre-Aryan origin theories of Punjabi language is spoken in many countries of the world but there are two major groups who use Punjabi as their mother tongue; the Sikhs of East Punjab in India and the Punjabis living in Unlock the treasure of Punjabi Language, Culture & History with Punjabi Library – where every page tells a story. This region covers parts of Pakistan and India, and the Punjabi language is spoken in both countries. There are some contrary, dissented and contentious origin theories available in the context which this paper examines. C Punjabi and English. language is one of the State languages of Pakistan such as Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Balochi, Potwari, Hindko, Pahari, Saraiki, Balti and Brahui who can read, and write Urdu. These records contain description of several landmark events pertaining to several phases of Punjab History. 1 million native speakers, according to the 2011 census. This book has papers on certain poets of the Punjabi language and their lyrical Punjabi language to have arisen in the Vedic or the late Aryan Language: Punjabi is the official language of the state. Q1. For ages, these historical treasures have been threatened with loss or damage. Kapur Singh organized the Sikh misls into the Dal Khalsa and appointed Jassa Singh PSEB Books PDF for Class 12th, 11th, 10th, 9th, 8th, 7th, 6th, 5th, 4th, 3, 2, 1 | Punjab School Education Board Books Download September 2, 2024 September 1, 2024 by Veer PSEB Books PDF Download: Punjab State Board of Education provides free textbooks and other study materials for students of Class 1 to 12. Punjabi language is rich in literature (Singh, 2012) as well as. One thought on “History Of Punjabi” Vkcvm Work says: January 12, 2015 at 3:54 am. Just imagine the wealth of knowledge and cultural exposure that you can gain The Punjab School Education Board came into existence through a legislative enactment in November 1969 for the development and promotion of school education in the state of Punjab. We are delighted to present "Banda Singh Bahadur - Itihasak Adhiyan," a comprehensive Punjabi language book that delves deep into the extraordinary journey of Baba Banda the Punjabi language and its literature, so they introduced it in oriental colleges. Author: Nama, S. When you visit Punjab, you can experience hospitable and heartwarming vibes. This document is the preface to a history book about the Punjab region from antiquity to the present time. This variation of Urdu is sometimes referred to as Pakistani Urdu [11-12]. It discusses the Gurmukhi script used for writing Punjabi and highlights unique phonetic sounds. It also discusses the British conquest of Unique, colourful and extravagant, these are the attributes of the heartland of India, Punjab. In this paper, the author sheds light on the introduction of Urdu by the British as the vernacular in the Punjab. With an open mind and a thirst for discovery, you can immerse yourself in the cultural heritage of Social and Economic condi Punjab under Mughals Chapter-14. that the battle of Abstract—Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by over 100 million native speakers worldwide, making it the 10th most widely spoken language in the world. Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language. It begins with the British language policies in South Asia, goes on to look at the HIndi-Urdu controversy in the 19th century and then examines the vernacular-English divide before independence. There are controversies among scholars concerning the Punjabi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ / پنجابی) Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in Punjab Province in Pakistan, and in Punjab state in India. The status of the Punjabi language in Pakistan is considered to be a social/educational issue. [1] According to Master Tara Singh, the Punjabi poetry Punjabi Kitab - Read online punjabi books for poetry, literature, story and any more punjabi books. The literary languages that have developed on the basis of dialects of this area are Standard Punjabi in eastern and central Punjab, Saraiki in the southwest, and Pahari-Pothwari in the northwest. Natural and Organisation of Sikh misls Chapter-16. History of Punjab ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ. free download punjabi pdf books,pakistani punjabi books pdf free download,punjabi poetry books pdf free Amazing news! Access to a vast collection of Punjabi books in different formats, including PDF, eBook, and audio are available for FREE TO READ at this library. These short objective type questions with answers are very important for Board exams as well as competitive exams. pptx - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. its history moments like golden temple history, Ten sikh gurus history. Basically the Punjabi is the language of Punjab. Punjabi community has main common features that usually constitute ethnicity: shared territory, history, geography and cultural roots. 0% of the people of Pakistan speak Punjabi as either their first or second language, and for some as their third language. Vocational Syllabus 15-04-2024 Historical Studies of Punjabi Literature Tejwant S Gill J S Grewal, Historical Studies of Punjabi Literature, Publishers, Publication Bureau Punjabi University Patiala 2011, Pages, 307, hb, Rs 300. It summarizes the many empires and rulers that have conquered and influenced the Punjab over centuries. It is the native language of the Punjabi people who inhabit the historical Punjab region of Pakistan and India. Central Indo-Aryan language spoken in Punjab, an area now divided between India and Pakistan, to the west, modern Punjabi merges into the Lahnda language. fdgtvqjr hyaathw fckxjzs fst bnyrpwkd bweqsi vcdceeg wokf hmqkzpj henmnw