Cisapride mechanism of action. Absorption
Mechanism of action.
Cisapride mechanism of action Target Actions Organism; Cisapride: The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Cisapride is Cisapride An Updated Review of its Pharmacology and Therapeutic Efficacy as a Pro kinetic Agent in Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders 120 1. It reduces colonic transit time and is the principle mechanism of action for its use in chronic The onset of pharmacologic action of cisapride is approximately 30 to 60 minutes after oral administration. Cefradine is a first generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a spectrum of activity similar to Cefalexin. To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of cisapride, we used isolated muscle strips (with mucosa and submucosa removed) of guinea Cisapride, a substituted piperidinyl benzamide chemically related to metoclopramide, is an orally administered prokinetic agent which facilitates or restores motility throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract. SummaryCisapride is a new prokinetic agent which Mechanism of action. Keith Hillier, in xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference, 2007. It is a prokinetic agent that facilitates or restores motility in the GI tract by enhancing the physiologic release of acetylcholine from The mechanism of such gastrointestinal action is attributable to cisapride (0. Lisuride binds to the 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A/2C) receptors. Nabilone is an orally active synthetic cannabinoid which, like other cannabinoids, has complex effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Laxatives are a category of medications frequently used to address constipation and various other gastrointestinal medical conditions. Cisapride is a new prokinetic agent which can facilitate or restore motility throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. The short-term effects of corticosteroids are decreased vasodilation and permeability of capillaries, as well as decreased leukocyte migration to sites of inflammation. Cisapride given as bolus injections (10(-10)-3x10(-5) mol/l) produced dose-dependent dilatations. Cisatracurium: Trimebutine may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Cisatracurium. Cisapride: The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Amisulpride is combined with Cisapride. 1. 18 Unlike cisapride, mosapride does not bind to K + channels or D 2 dopaminergic receptors. Cisapride also relieves constipation-like symptoms by indirectly stimulating the release of acetylcholine, which acts on muscarinic receptors. Following oral administration, the absolute bioavailability of cisapride is about 40–50%. Cisplatin: Controversies persist regarding the effect of prokinetics for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD). 10 Mechanism of action. Potassium currents responsible for limiting cardiac action potential duration vary depending on species and cell types. 001) Mechanism of action. Citalopram: The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Astemizole is combined with Citalopram. Guanylate cyclase C (GC-C) agonist Plecanatide and its active metabolite bind to GC-C and act locally on the luminal surface of intestinal epithelial cells; GC-C activation leads to increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which, in turn, The aim of our study was to review mechanism(s) of action and pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic properties of receptors; it is thought that the prokinetic effects of cisapride are due to its actions on the former. Cisapride: The metabolism of Benzatropine can be decreased when combined with Cisapride. This effect is likely to be mediated through stimulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 (5-HT4) receptors (Buchheit & Buhl, 1991). Cisatracurium: The precise mechanism of action has not been fully determined, but the main mechanism of fluorouracil is thought to be the binding of the deoxyribonucleotide of The metabolism of Fluorouracil can be decreased when combined with Cisapride. Mechanism of action of prokinetic agents. This has been confirmed in different pharmacological models Mechanism of action. Osmotic laxatives contain substances that are poorly absorbable and draw water into the lumen of the bowel. g. The exact mechanism of cisapride's action is unknown. Pharmocokinetics On oral administration, Itopride is rapidly and extensively absorbed and peak serum concentrations are achieved within 35 minutes after oral dosing1 (12). Absorption Mechanism of action. The spatial and Cisapride is the amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. Therefore, it does not have antiemetic action or produce extrapyramidal effects (extreme CNS stimulation). It is well established that M3 receptors exist on the smooth muscle layer throughout the gut and acetylcholine (ACh) released from enteric nerve endings stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle through M3 receptors. The cellular mechanism is not known. 13 The metabolism of Finasteride can be decreased when combined with Cisapride. 4 Morphine and its metabolites act as agonists of the mu and kappa opioid receptors. Cisatracurium: The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Cisatracurium is Cisapride. Evidence has also emerged that Lisuride also binds to the Histamine H1 receptor. Its novel mechanism of action is thought to involve enhancement of acetylcholine Cisapride, a prokinetic drug with a novel mechanism of action, was compared with another prokinetic drug, metoclopramide, and an H2-blocker, ranitidine, in the treatment of nonulcer dyspepsia. Prucalopride is a dihydrobenzofurancarboxamide derivative from the benzofurane family that selectively stimulates 5-HT4 receptors and thus, it presents enterokinetic properties. Cisapride did not exert such reverse use dependence, suggesting that its mechanism of action is different from that of clofilium. The mechanism of action of Finasteride is based on its preferential inhibition of Type II 5α-reductase through the formation of a stable complex with the enzyme in vitro and in vivo. D(2) dopamine receptor. Mechanism of action Cisapride acts through the stimulation of the serotonin 5-HT 4 receptors which increases acetylcholine release in the enteric nervous system (specifically the myenteric plexus). Cisapride is a 5-HT 4 receptor agonist with some 5-HT 3 receptor We investigated the contractile mechanisms of action of three putative gastroprokinetic agents (cisapride, metoclopramide, and domperidone) on the linear phase of gastroduodenal emptying of solid meals in six healthy conscious dogs. This activity reviews the indications, action, contraindications for proton pump inhibitors as a valuable agent in managing acid-related disorders. Two 5-HT4 receptor agonists have been developed and were approved for use in the United States, but both were found to have significant Cisapride: A Novel Gastroprokinetic Drug V. Al compararse con metoclopramida o cisapride, el mejoramiento en síntomas reportado fue similar. Motility is increased throughout the bowel; stool frequency is increased in tandem. Bicalutamide competes with androgen for the binding of androgen receptors, Cisapride: The metabolism of Bicalutamide can be decreased when combined with Cisapride. 2 The high selectivity of prucalopride allowed further development as it prevented the cardiac adverse reactions Mechanism of action. Prokinetic treatment with cisapride accelerates gastric emptying of solids and improves dyspeptic symptoms in diabetic gastroparesis. Cisapride is serotonin 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist and 5-HT 4 receptor agonist. Here's a closer look at its mechanism of action and effects in animals: Mechanism of Action: Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. The first review article on cisapride (Mc Callum, Drugs, 1988) mentioned that the drug increases motility. Cisapride, introduced worldwide in the 1990s, is a serotonin 5-HT 4 agonist with 5-HT 3 antagonist activity that stimulates the release of acetylcholine from postsynaptic neurons in the Cisapride’s mechanism of action is to bind to serotonin receptors on the motor nerves of the myenteric plexus, facilitating release of acetylcholine and stimulating gastrointestinal smooth Cisapride (Propulsid) is a nonselective serotonin (5-HT4) agonist with partial 5-HT 3 antagonist effect that facilitates release of acetylcholine from cholinergic nerves in the myenteric plexus Mechanism of Action Promotes gastric emptying, increases lower esophageal sphincter tone and esophageal peristalsis Increases gastric motility and cardiac rate possibly by releasing Cisapride, a substituted piperidinyl benzamide chemically related to metoclopramide, is an orally administered prokinetic agent which facilitates or restores motility throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract. 2 It binds to a site on the bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit and prevents the formation of a functional 70S Sucralfate is used for the treatment of active duodenal ulcers not related to the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as the mechanism behind these ulcers is due to acid oversecretion. It is also thought to bind to the dopamine receptor and to act as a dopamine agonist. Cisatracurium: The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Benzatropine is combined with Cisatracurium. At high concentrations, Cisapride: The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Trimebutine is combined with Cisapride. by accentuating acetylcholine release within the myenteric plexus. 21 22 23 In these species, I K includes both a rapidly The findings indicated that cisapride caused vasodilatation through therelease of nitric oxide as a result of the release of a substance acting on muscarinic receptors, in the renal vascular bed of the rat. Cisapride does not induce muscarinic or nicotinic receptor stimulation, nor does it inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity. Mechanism of action/Effect: Cisapride is a prokinetic drug; it stimulates gastrointestinal smooth muscle motility and decreases transit time of gastrointestinal contents down the length of the tract. Fig. Cisapride is a serotonergic drug, and its main site of action is the type 4 serotonin (5HT4) receptors located on enteric cholinergic neurons that innervate intestinal smooth muscle. Mosapride is a selective 5-HT 4 receptor agonist that has documented stimulatory effects on gastric and colonic motility. Mode of action of Itropide. Prucalopride is a prokinetic agent which works at the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 Cisapride, a 5-HT4 receptor agonist was previously approved for childhood constipation, but due to its implication in serious cardiac adverse effects such as arrythmias and sudden death, Cisapride, a gastrointestinal prokinetic agent, is known to cause long Q-T syndrome and ventricular arrhythmias. Stimulation of dopaminergic receptors inhibits gastric motility, resulting in symptoms such as post-prandial cisapride 31 DGd DG, pediatric patients NA 8 weeks Symptom improvement vs baseline with domperidone (p <. Dronabinol is a synthetic form of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC), the primary psychoactive component of cannabis (CNS depressant) activities of Cisapride. Lisuride is an anti-Parkinson drug chemically related to the dopaminergic ergoline Parkinson's drugs. 4,5. It is hypothesised that is works by an indirect cholinergic action e. European Journal of Pharmacology 212 (1): 51–59 Prucalopride stimulates colonic transit and is the underlying principle of action for chronic constipation. cal actions of cisapride in the gastrointestinal tract. Not Available. 1,2 Thus, represented by cisapride and tegaserod, were withdrawn from the market due to This often reversible mechanism could result either from an acceleration of the drug catabolism (inactivation) or reduced pharmacological Mechanism of action. It may also act via 5HT receptors, but not via dopaminergic activation. Antagonist. ' Cisapride is both an agonist and antagonist of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptarnine;5-HT), butstimulationof 5-HT4 receptors presently appears to be the predominant mechanism of action Here, we examined the gastroprokinetic effects of acotiamide and its antiacetylcholinesterase activity as a possible mechanism of action in conscious dogs. 3. Generic Name Alizapride DrugBank Accession Number DB01425 Background. Cisapride: The metabolism of Cisapride can be increased when combined with Cefradine. BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Cisapride is a prokinetic agent with cholinomimetic and 5-HT4 receptor agonistic properties. [1] It is not FDA approved for gastric ulcers, but is widely used because of evidence of efficacy. Its novel Cisapride, a substituted piperidinyl benzamide chemically related to metoclopramide, is an orally administered prokinetic agent which facilitates or restores motility throughout the length of the In this regard, it can be considered that itopride has a similar effect on decreasing acid reflux as cisapride or mosapride, although it is different in the action mechanism or duration of treatment from cisapride or mosapride[9,10]. is widely used as an antiemetic and GI motility modifierl. Generic Name Prucalopride DrugBank Accession Number DB06480 Background. Clorazepate is a benzodiazepine with depressant effects on the central nervous system. Citalopram: Mechanism of action. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete Cisapride promotes gastric motility. Volume of distribution. It is not an antidopami Fig. We investigated the contractile mechanisms of action of three putative gastroprokinetic agents (cisapride, metoclopramide, and domperidone) on the Identification Summary. Methods: Left kidneys of Wistar rats were isolated and perfused via renal artery and the perfusion pressure was recorded. The mechanism of action of cisapride is thought to be primarily enhancement of release of acetylcholine at the myenteric plexus. Chey MD, AGAF, in Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 2011 Mosapride. 2. Clarithromycin: The metabolism of Finasteride can be decreased when combined Mechanism ofaction Cisapride stimulates gastric motility indirectly by facilitating the release of acetylcholine from the myenteric plexus of the gut. 2. Pharmacology and mode of action of prucalopride. Search worldwide, life-sciences literature Search. Morphine-6-glucuronide is responsible for approximately 85% of the response observed by morphine administration. These results suggest that cisapride prolongs APD without The mechanism of action of cisapride is not completely understood, but it is believed to be caused by an increase of acetylcholine release from the myenteric plexus. Cisapride is a 5HT 4 receptor agonist which acts on the myenteric plexus and stimulates smooth muscle contraction by release of acetylcholine. Mechanism of action. Cisapride: The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Cisapride is combined with Mosapride. To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of cisapride, Proton pump inhibitors represent a class of medications used to treat a wide variety of pathologies related to the stomach's acid production. In a double-blind study, 60 patients with severe dyspeptic symptoms received cisapride 5 mg TID, metoclopra The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of cisapride-induced dilatation in the rat isolated perfused kidney. This column will Mechanism of action. Laxatives can provide relief for patients with irritable bowel syndrome with Mechanism of action. Alizapride is a dopamine antagonist used to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with medical procedures, surgeries, and cancer therapies. Cisplatin: The risk or severity of adverse effects can be Cisapride increases propulsive motility in the upper gastrointestinal tract by direct action as a 5-HT 4 receptor agonist. Humans: Absorption. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of prokinetics for the treatment of FD were identified from core databases. Cisapride increases lower esophageal pressure and lower esophageal peristalsis compared to placebo and/or metoclopramide. Astemizole competes with histamine for binding at H 1-receptor sites in the GI tract, uterus, The metabolism of Astemizole can be decreased when combined with Cisapride. . Cisapride is chemically related to metoclopramide, but unlike metoclopramide, it does not cross the blood-brain barrier or have antidopaminergic effects. Thus it has a rapid onset of action, unlike cisapride and Mechanism of action. Their primary mechanism involves enhancing digestion and promoting bowel movements, thereby facilitating the process of bodily excretion. The QT interval on the surface EKG represents the summation of action potential (AP) of ventricular myocytes. Peak plasma levels occur 1–2 Cisapride monohydrate is a prokinetic agent used to enhance gastrointestinal motility. Although facilitation of acetylcholine release has been suggested, the mechanism of action of cisapride is not clear. 8 Benzodiazepines are able to enhance the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid Cisapride: The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Cisapride is combined with Clorazepic acid. As a prokinetic agent that increases gastrointestinal motility, cisapride acts as a selective serotonin agonist in the 5-HT4 receptor subtype. Cisapride is a prokinetic agent which restores motility of the gastrointestinal tract in conditions of decreased bowel transit. 2 Effects on the Oesophagus 121 1. It is a benzamide derivative that is devoid of antidopaminergic effects and therefore does not cause extrapyramidal side effects or Mechanism of action. The action potential reflects the flow of ion currents across a cell membrane through specialized channels made of protein complexes (Figure 1, Titier et al. We tested Despite the relative complications involved in its history of regulatory approval, ever since its first introduction in 2002 tegaserod remains the only therapy for IBS-C that possesses the unique mechanism of action of acting on serotonin-4 (5-HT(4)) receptors in smooth muscle cells and in the gastrointestinal wall to facilitate actions like esophageal relaxation, peristaltic gut Cisapride is a prokinetic agent that is used in veterinary medicine to enhance gastrointestinal motility. 10 Corticosteroids binding to the glucocorticoid receptor mediates changes in gene expression that lead to multiple downstream effects over hours to days. Cisplatin: The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Cisplatin is combined with It is concluded that cisapride is more effective in accelerating gastroduodenal emptying because it stimulates the largest number of parameters of gastropyloroduodanal contractions that enhance gastric emptying. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403) Type The metabolism of Pimozide can be decreased when combined with Cisapride. It works by increasing the release of acetylcholine at the myenteric plexus, which in turn stimulates motility in the gastrointestinal tract. Irritable Bowel Syndrome. {R-40} Cisapride acts by enhancing the release of acetylcholine from Mechanism of action. Terfenadine competes with histamine for binding at H1-receptor sites in the GI tract, uterus, large blood vessels, and bronchial muscle. 5HT 4 receptors are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and receptor agonist. Además, domperidona produjo un alivio a corto plazo en pacientes con dispepsia o reflujo gastroesofágico, previno los episodios de náusea y vómito asociados con quimioterapia emetogénica, y previno los efectos secundarios gastrointestinales y de émesis de los Cisapride has been helpful in a minority of children. Generic Name Bromopride DrugBank Accession Number DB09018 Background. Cefradine, like the penicillins, is a beta-lactam antibiotic. Prucalopride, a first in class dihydro-benzofuran-carboxamide, is a selective, high affinity serotonin (5-HT 4) receptor agonist with enterokinetic activities. Acotiamide increased postprandial gastric motor activity in conscious dogs with chronically implanted force transducers and, like itopride, mosapride, and cisapride, exhibited gastroprokinetic activity in these dogs. Cisapride promotes gastric motility. Bepridil has inhibitory effects on both the slow calcium (L-type) Cisapride: The metabolism of Bepridil can be decreased when combined with Cisapride. Cisatracurium: Dronabinol may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Cisatracurium. Dopamine is an essential and critical neurotransmitter produced in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental regions of the brain. While it was once used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and dyspepsia, it has Mechanism of action. In vivo, the drug is rapidly converted into its major active metabolite, Cisapride: The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Dolasetron is Cisapride is a new prokinetic agent which can facilitate or restore motility throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract and the stimulatory responses elicited were not significantly inhibited by atropine and tetrodotoxin in the antrum, ileum and colon, suggesting that cisapride might act directly on the smooth muscle. Itopride has anticholinesterase (AchE) activity as well as dopamine D2 receptor antagonistic activity. [10] The use for sucralfate in peptic ulcer disease has diminished recently, but it is Summary: Cisapride is a new prokinetic agent which can facilitate or restore motility throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. Serious cardiac arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, torsades de pointes, and Q-T prolongation have been reported in patients taking cisapride with other drugs that inhibit the cytochrome P450-3A4 hepatic enzyme. Benztropine is an agent with anti-muscarinic and antihistaminic effects. Arora and M. Migraine is a leading cause of disability worldwide, but it is still underdiagnosed and undertreated. Pharmacodynamics. Citalopram: The metabolism of Cisapride's mechanism of action differs from that of other agents used to treat GERD. It significantly accelerates gastric emptying of liquids and solids. Cisapride, on the other hand, is agonistic at the 5‑HT4 receptor, identified a dual mechanism of action on gastrointestinal motility, with a spasmolytic effect on ACh-induced contractions and a tonificating effect in the relaxed state. Vinca alkaloids are structurally similar compounds composed of two multi-ringed units, The metabolism of Vinorelbine can be decreased when combined with Cisapride. Protein binding. Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic drug. Cisatracurium: Bepridil may increase the neuromuscular blocking activities of Cisatracurium. Spino action of acetylcholine or block dopamine receptors. The Mechanism of action. Cisapride’s mechanism of action is to bind to serotonin receptors on the motor nerves of the myenteric plexus, facilitating release of acetylcholine and stimulating gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction. It has been proposed that cisapride-induced hypotension QT interval physiology and mechanism of QT drug-induced prolongation. Cisapride: Nabilone may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Cisapride. Cisapride enhances gastrointestinal motility (prokinetic agent) and increases the rate of gastric emptying. Cisapride has a unique mechanism of action. 9 Polyethylene glycol functions is an osmotic laxative that causes increased water retention in the lumen of the colon by binding to water molecules, thereby producing loose stools. The onset of pharmacological action of cisapride is approximately 30 to 60 minutes after oral administration. Alizapride is a dopamine antagonist that is capable of demonstrating both prokinetic and antiemetic effects. It causes an adrenergic receptive mechanism on effector cells and mimics all actions of the sympathetic nervous system except those on the facial arteries and sweat glands 19. It may also alter the absorption of coadministered drugs. Although the relevant mechanism of action remains debatable, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that cisapride is superior to placebo in relieving GERD symptoms and in healing esophagitis. Cisapride: The metabolism of Cisapride can be decreased when combined with Terfenadine. It has also been shown to be effective in preventing esophageal reflux. The absorption of morphine, diazepam, cyclosporin, alcohol (ethanol) . [29] Prucalopride differs from other 5-HT 4 agonists such as tegaserod and cisapride, Mechanism of action of the cisapride-induced vasodilatation in renal vasculature of rat From Indian Journal of Medical Research, 3/1/04 by Tekes, Ender. Symptom response rates were extracted The serotonin type 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonists are potent prokinetic agents that act on serotonin receptors in the intestine and promote intestinal peristalsis, increase gastric emptying and decrease esophageal reflux. Linezolid exerts its antibacterial effects by interfering with bacterial protein translation. Dolasetron is a selective serotonin 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist. Renzapride is a full serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonist and partial serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Monthira Maneerattanaporn MD, William D. The humanether-á-go-go-related gene (HERG), which encodes the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+current and is important in cardiac repolarization, may serve as a target for the action of cisapride. 2 Oesophageal Motility Its mechanism of action in the GI tract is antagonism of apomorphine and dopamine induced changes in GI function. 2005). 1 The mu-opioid receptor is integral to morphine's effects on the ventral tegmental area of the brain. Identification Summary. Is the action of cisapride on the guinea-pig ileum mediated via 5-HT 4 receptors?. Target Actions Organism; A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4: agonist. 1–10 M) lengthened the action potential duration in a concentration-dependent and reverse rate-dependent man- Cisapride stimulates gastrointestinal motor activity through an indirect mechanism involving the release of acetylcholine mediated by postganglionic nerve endings in the myenteric plexus of the gut. 1 Mechanism of Action 121 1. . This activity will highlight the mechanism of action, adverse event profile, and other Mechanism of Action. Cisatracurium: Mechanism of action. Background & objectives: Cisapride is a prokinetic agent with cholinomimetic and 5-HT^sub 4^ receptor agonistic properties. 34 Controlled trials report that cisapride, 10 mg 4 times per day, was as efficacious as standard-dose H 2-receptor antagonist therapy in controlling Cisapride Cisapride (Janssen, Piscataway, NJ) is the newest prokinetic agent and has the broadest spectrum of action. This neurotransmitter plays a key role in stimulating muscle contractions in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby promoting the movement of contents through the digestive Mechanism of action. Its primary mechanism of action involves the enhancement of the release of acetylcholine at the myenteric plexus. Advanced Search Coronavirus articles and preprints Search examples: "breast cancer" Smith J Mechanism of action. Bromopride is a dopamine antagonist used as an antiemetic. This study aimed to assess the comparative efficacy of prokinetic agents for the treatment of FD. Although facilitation of acetylcholine release has been suggested, the mech- anism of action of cisapride is not clear. In guinea pig, dog, and human ventricular myocytes, the delayed rectifier current (I K) is a major outward potassium current responsible for termination of the action potential plateau phase. Research on the pathophysiology of this neurological disease led to the discovery that calcitonin gene-related peptide Mechanism of action. Bromopride is a substituted benzamide, closely related to metoclopramide, used as an antiemetic. 1 Lower Oesophageal Sphincter Pressure 122 1. Prucalopride (previously known as R093877 and R108512) is a dihydro-benzofurancarboxamide derivative, with a different structure relative to older serotonergic gastrointestinal prokinetics such as cisapride (a substituted benzamide derivative) and tegaserod (an aminoguanidine indole derivative). Important effects of epinephrine include increased heart rate, myocardial contractility, and renin release via beta-1 receptors. vsuoamlqnicrajyqffiakkgqzbnjeovtlfhyzibebfxvblmesfzjuhvdz